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1.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 36(5): 498-506, oct. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-225885

RESUMO

Objectives. The aim of this work was to estimate the con ditioned probability for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), viral antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDT), and antibody detection tests depending on the prevalence in the specific healthcare settings in Spain in 2020, and on the pre-test prob ability (PTP) according to the clinical situation, age and un known or close contacts of the patient. Material and methods. Performance parameters of tests were obtained from literature. Prevalence data and PTP were obtained from Spanish sources and a survey, respectively. The post-test probability is the positive predictive value (PPV) when test is positive. For negative result, we also calculated the probability of having the infection (false negatives). Results. For both RT-PCR and viral Ag-RDT, the lowest PPV values were for the population screenings. This strategy proved to be useful in ruling out infection but generates a high number of false positives. At individual level, both tools provided high PPV (≥ 97%) when the PTP values are over 35%. In seroprevalence studies, though the specificity of IgG alone tests is high, under low seroprevalence, false positives cannot be avoided. Total antibodies tests are useful for diagnosis of COVID-19 in those doubtful cases with RT-PCR or Ag-RDT tests being repeatedly negative. Conclusions. The interpretating of results depends not only on the accuracy of the test, but also on the prevalence of the infection in different settings, and the PTP associated to the patient before performing the test (AU)


bjetivos. En este trabajo estimamos la probabilidad con dicionada del diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2 con RT PCR, pruebas de antígenos virales (Ag-RDT) y pruebas de detec ción de anticuerpos, en función de la prevalencia en España en diferentes ámbitos durante 2020, y de la probabilidad pre-test (PPT) según la situación clínica, edad y contactos del paciente. Material y métodos. Los parámetros de rendimiento de las pruebas se obtuvieron de bibliografía. Los datos de preva lencia y PPT se obtuvieron de fuentes españolas y de una en cuesta, respectivamente. La probabilidad post-test es el valor predictivo positivo (VPP) cuando la prueba es positiva. Para el resultado negativo, también calculamos la probabilidad de te ner la infección (falsos negativos). Resultados. Tanto con RT-PCR como con Ag-RDT, los va lores más bajos de VPP se detectaron en los cribados poblacio nales, que demostraron ser útiles para descartar la infección, pero generan muchos falsos positivos. A nivel individual, am bas pruebas proporcionaron un VPP ≥ 97% cuando los valores de PPT son superiores al 35%. En estudios de seroprevalencia, aunque la especificidad de las pruebas de IgG sola es alta, si la seroprevalencia es baja, no se pueden evitar falsos positivos. Además, las pruebas de anticuerpos totales pueden ayudar al diagnóstico de COVID-19 en aquellos casos dudosos con prue bas de RT-PCR o Ag-RDT repetidamente negativas. Conclusiones. La interpretación de los resultados depen de no sólo del rendimiento de las pruebas, sino también de la prevalencia de la infección en diferentes ámbitos, y de la PPT asociada al paciente antes de realizar la prueba (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Antígenos Virais/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espanha/epidemiologia
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(9): 537-543, 1 mayo, 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99989

RESUMO

Introducción. Existen muy pocos estudios sobre la incidencia de migraña en España, y los que hay tienen alguna limitación, como carecer de base poblacional clara. Objetivo. Examinar la evolución de la incidencia de migraña a lo largo del período 2004-2008 en la provincia de Álava (País Vasco, España).Pacientes y métodos. Los datos corresponden a personas de 15 o más años de edad registrados como nuevos casos diagnosticados de migraña en la base de datos del Servicio Vasco de Salud/Osakidetza. La tendencia en la incidencia de migraña se valoró mediante regresión lineal. Resultados. La incidencia de migraña fue significativamente mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres, a cualquier edad. No se observaron cambios en la incidencia de migraña en el período 2004-2008 en el conjunto de la población de Álava (p = 0,189). Sin embargo, se ha producido un descenso en la incidencia de migraña en las mujeres mayores de 64 años (p = 0,014), y un aumento en las de 15-24 años (p = 0,052) y 35-44 años (p = 0,057). Los nuevos casos de migrañadiagnosticada tendieron a aparecer en edades más jóvenes a lo largo de este período. Conclusiones. Estos resultados indican una ausencia de cambios en la tendencia de la incidencia de migraña a lo largo del período 2004-2008, excepto un descenso en el caso de las mujeres mayores de 64 años y un aumento en las jóvenes. Esta evolución es similar a la de otras regiones europeas (AU)


Introduction. Few studies have been conducted on the incidence of migraine in Spain, and those that have been carried out have some shortcomings, such as the lack of a clear population base. Aims. To examine the evolution of the incidence of migraine over the period 2004-2008 in the province of Álava (Basque Country, Spain).Patients and methods. Data concerned persons aged 15 or over who were registered in the Basque Health Service/Osakidetza database as new cases diagnosed with migraine. The tendency of the incidence of migraine was evaluated by means oflinear regression. Results. The incidence of migraine was significantly higher in females than in males, at any age. No significant changes in the incidence of migraine were observed over the period 2004-2008 in the population of Ávala as a whole (p = 0.189). Nevertheless, there have been both a decrease in the incidence of migraine in females over the age of 64 (p = 0.014) and an increase in those aged 15-24 years (p = 0.052) and 35-44 years (p = 0.057). The new cases of migraine that arediagnosed tended to appear at younger ages over this period. Conclusions. These results suggest an absence of changes in the tendency in the incidence of migraine throughout the period 2004-2008, except for a decrease in the case of females over 64 years of age and an increase in young females.This evolution is similar to that of other regions in Europe (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/epidemiologia , Enxaqueca sem Aura/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Estudos de Coortes
3.
Rev Neurol ; 54(9): 537-43, 2012 May 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22532217

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Few studies have been conducted on the incidence of migraine in Spain, and those that have been carried out have some shortcomings, such as the lack of a clear population base. AIMS: To examine the evolution of the incidence of migraine over the period 2004-2008 in the province of Álava (Basque Country, Spain). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data concerned persons aged 15 or over who were registered in the Basque Health Service/Osakidetza database as new cases diagnosed with migraine. The tendency of the incidence of migraine was evaluated by means of linear regression. RESULTS: The incidence of migraine was significantly higher in females than in males, at any age. No significant changes in the incidence of migraine were observed over the period 2004-2008 in the population of Ávala as a whole (p = 0.189). Nevertheless, there have been both a decrease in the incidence of migraine in females over the age of 64 (p = 0.014) and an increase in those aged 15-24 years (p = 0.052) and 35-44 years (p = 0.057). The new cases of migraine that are diagnosed tended to appear at younger ages over this period. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an absence of changes in the tendency in the incidence of migraine throughout the period 2004-2008, except for a decrease in the case of females over 64 years of age and an increase in young females. This evolution is similar to that of other regions in Europe.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Enxaqueca/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
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